The line graph in R has a line that connects all the points in a diagram. With the help of plot() functions you can create a line and add the type parameter with a value of “l” in R programming: Output: Line Color To change the color you can use col parameter, remember the color … Read more
Analysis of Covariance is most important in statistics. To create models, we use Regression analysis which describes the effect of variation in predictor variables on the response variable. In some cases, if you have a categorical variable with values like Male/Female or Yes/No etc. Simple regression analysis gives several results for each value of the … Read more
The plot() function is used to plot numbers against each other. The scatter plot in R is used to show the relationship between two numerical variables. Here we need two vectors of the same length, one for the x-axis (horizontal) and one for the y-axis (vertical): Output The above example shows the result of 12 … Read more
The pie chart is a circular graphical representation of data. You can draw a pie chart in R with help of the pie() function. Output The above pie chart draws one pie for each value (34,65,54,58,32) in the vector. The plotting of the first pie starts from the x-axis and move counterclockwise by default. Note: The size … Read more
The bar chart in R uses rectangular bars to visualize the data. The height of the bars is proportional to the values they represent. The bar charts can be displayed either horizontally or vertically. By using the barplot() function a vertical bar chart is drawn: Output The above example shows: The x variable represents values in the … Read more
The R function is a set of statements that are organized together to perform a particular task. R language facilitates a series of built-in functions and permits to use to create their own functions. The modular approach is used to perform tasks in functions. Usually, functions are used to avoid repetition of the same task … Read more
The R classification algorithm is a very easy task. By analyzing the training dataset we can predict the target class. We can obtain better boundary conditions that can be used to check the target class using the training dataset. The whole process is known as classification. R Classification algorithms Some important points of R classification … Read more
The list in R contains several unique data types inside it. A collection of data that is ordered and editable is called a list in R. We used the list() function to create a list: Output Access List in R To access the list items, refer to its index number inside brackets. The first item has index … Read more
The time series in R is a series of data points in which each data point is linked with a timestamp. The best example of time series in R is the price of a stock in the stock market at different points of time on a given day. The amount of rainfall in a region … Read more
The rectangular dataset in two dimensions is called a matrix in R programming. A matrix is created with a vector input to the matrix function. Mathematical operations can be performed like add, subtract, multiply, and division on a matrix in R programming. Elements are arranged in a fixed number of rows and columns in the … Read more
