R packages are a collection of R functions, compiled code, and sample data. They have been stored in a directory known library in the R environment. R programming install packages during installation. More packages are added later till they are needed for some specific tasks. Just default packages are available by default. All the R … Read more
The boxplot in R is a very famous type of graph. Boxplot shows us how data is distributed in a dataset and divides the data into three quartiles. This graph is used to represent the first and third quartile, median, max, and min in a dataset. It also compares the distribution by making boxplots across … Read more
For Statistical Analysis in R programming, several built-in functions are available like mean, mode, median. These functions are part of the R programming base package. These functions take R vectors as an input along with the arguments and give the result. Mean For Statistical Analysis in R, the mean is calculated by taking the sum … Read more
The histogram in R is used to represent variable values frequency. The difference between histogram and barplot is that histogram groups the values into continuous ranges. To create a histogram in R we used the hist() function. The height of the bars represents the frequency of that variable. The histogram takes a vector as input … Read more
The line graph in R has a line that connects all the points in a diagram. With the help of plot() functions you can create a line and add the type parameter with a value of “l” in R programming: Output: Line Color To change the color you can use col parameter, remember the color … Read more
Analysis of Covariance is most important in statistics. To create models, we use Regression analysis which describes the effect of variation in predictor variables on the response variable. In some cases, if you have a categorical variable with values like Male/Female or Yes/No etc. Simple regression analysis gives several results for each value of the … Read more
The plot() function is used to plot numbers against each other. The scatter plot in R is used to show the relationship between two numerical variables. Here we need two vectors of the same length, one for the x-axis (horizontal) and one for the y-axis (vertical): Output The above example shows the result of 12 … Read more
The pie chart is a circular graphical representation of data. You can draw a pie chart in R with help of the pie() function. Output The above pie chart draws one pie for each value (34,65,54,58,32) in the vector. The plotting of the first pie starts from the x-axis and move counterclockwise by default. Note: The size … Read more
The bar chart in R uses rectangular bars to visualize the data. The height of the bars is proportional to the values they represent. The bar charts can be displayed either horizontally or vertically. By using the barplot() function a vertical bar chart is drawn: Output The above example shows: The x variable represents values in the … Read more
The R function is a set of statements that are organized together to perform a particular task. R language facilitates a series of built-in functions and permits to use to create their own functions. The modular approach is used to perform tasks in functions. Usually, functions are used to avoid repetition of the same task … Read more
